Finding Our Way with Technology
James Stewart
Published on Global Missiology, October, 2006, Technology section
Confession
of a Technophile
I am a technophile. I admit it. I love gadgets of
every sort, and eagerly search the popular and professional literature for the next generation of technologies that
will change our lives, perhaps to a
degree and in a direction yet unimagined.
But my general enthusiasm is counter-balanced with
deep and growing concerns about the
cumulative impact of technology in general, and of certain technologies in
particular, upon the way we perceive
ourselves, our culture, and our God.
I was reminded of my evolving misgivings recently
while watching a basic cable program
on the world’s largest commercial port, the
Still, what was missing from the port, or at least
from the discussion? People.
There was not even a glimpse of the men and women
who must surely chaperone the dance.
Clearly, the thoughtful viewer would not think that all this had developed
absent a human cause or functioned
each day without human oversight. Nevertheless, the message of the video was
powerfully anthropomorphic. Unreasoning machines were given personality, sentience, with human agency
subordinated to the point of inconsequence.
A Historical Reflection
In the mid-twentieth century, the Christian
philosopher and historian Francis Schaeffer proposed a hierarchical progression that began with God and included
man, animals, plants and machines.
Schaeffer was concerned primarily with the blurring of lines between God and man and between man and animals.
While ever the prophet, I am not sure
that even Schaeffer foresaw the technological tsunami that was beginning in the
several years immediately before his death in 1984, and which has literally
inverted Schaeffer’s hierarchy.
That sea change, in my opinion, began when
were critical in the connecting of
homes and businesses to a technology source), or perhaps
the invention of the transistor that would quickly lead to the development of
the microchip.
It doesn’t really matter, I
suppose. I choose the Microsoft connection simply because it was
then that a powerful interactive technology was placed on the corporate desktop
and popularized. It was Bill Gates’ vision of the ubiquity
of personal computers that fueled the “
Imagine it!
In just 25 short years we have
moved technologically from the first few clunky personal computers
to a cascading torrent of systems that could not have been imagined for all the
preceding centuries of man’s history. To
mention just a few...
·
A network that has virtually implanted a cell
phone in the ear of every pre-school graduate
and beyond
·
The creation and expansion of the Internet as a
global information network
·
The creation and expansion of the Internet as a
global communications network
·
Medical testing systems such as
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (
·
The mapping of the human genome and genetic
engineering
·
Global positioning, tracking and mapping systems
that unlock the world
·
Embedded computer systems that provide “smart”
functions to everything from toasters
to cars to satellite technologies
A
Theology/Philosophy of Technology Is Needed
Yes, it is pretty cool. I am incredibly thankful
that I was, by the grace of God, born into this era of transition and technological advancement. My earnest regret
is that I will not be around 50 or
100 years from now to see what the impact of our enthusiastic, unquestioning acceptance, indeed our endorsement
of these technologies will be and what kind
of world will be the result.
Recent events demonstrate a pressing need to
construct a theology / philosophy of technology
to establish the intellectual and ethical frameworks within which science and
its resulting technologies can evolve meaningfully.
For example, this past month a court decision in
the scientific community which
includes applied technologies, was the judge of, and superior
to, truth. Science was moved from the bottom of Schaeffer’s hierarchy, to the top.
Science was the judge of God.
Biological advances in technology also lack a
sound philosophical framework. Fetal (read baby) viability is often a critical factor in the decision to abort. As
Planned Parenthood acknowledges
“Abortions after fetal viability are extremely rare. Half of the 1.5 million abortions in the
Further, they state that “In COLAUTTI, the Supreme
Court defined viability as occurring ‘when,
in the judgment of the attending physician on the particular facts of the case before him, there is a reasonable likelihood of
the fetus' sustained survival outside the womb, with or without artificial
support. 2’” Typically, that is set at no earlier than 23 to 24 weeks gestation.
So life and, unfortunately, death decisions are
subject to the ability of technology to sustain a newborn outside of the womb. If technology changes, then our perception
of who is a child changes? Does...or
should...technology be the determining factor in deciding what is life...who is human and who is not?
At the other end of the continuum, with the
possibility that embryonic stem cells could treat and cure presently terminal
conditions, is it appropriate to use newly-developed technologies to extend life by sacrificing what
many consider to be yet-unborn life?
Certainly, there are men and women behind each of
these decisions. Technology in its purest
form would, in many respects, be mute. I believe it is true, however, that
absent a coherent, consistent and
accepted ethic, technology is perceived by those with an agenda to be the dispassionate trump card to any moral
argument. As investigator Gil Grissom of CBS’ Crime Scene Investigation might say, “Science can’t lie.
Science doesn’t take sides.” In the
minds of many, if science, and its operational technologies, can, then it should. If morality and ethics divide, then
science should govern.
The appropriate role of technology extends into
the church and ministry. Several weeks ago
I had a wonderful conversation with mission historian Dr. Mary Wilder. She
talked of the great men and women of
faith who have answered the call of God to service in some of the most difficult regions of the world.
Their stories encourage hearts and testify to the power of God often generations later. When I studied for missions service almost thirty years ago, the discussion always returned to people...both those
who needed to hear the gospel and
the men and women who were training for faithful service wherever He might lead.
In many of the ministry discussions in which I
have been involved in recent years, however,
much of our time has focused on how technology might reduce our dependence on personnel assets. Can we use technology to
replace the face-to-face recruiter with a web site? What communication and administrative tools are available to
reduce the infrastructure demands of
the mission? Can we use technology to extend our field ministry without increasing the number of deployed
personnel? Admittedly, some of the discussions
might be weighted because of my participation. Discussions often turn to technologies when I am involved; don’t know why.
It is clear that I am neither a
philosopher nor a historian. I am certainly not a prophet. I am
one who welcomes change, loves the potential that new technologies represent,
but recognizes that we still have much to learn about how to
integrate new systems into our contemporary cultural context.
Has it not always been so? I imagine that following the discovery
of fire, more than one person was burned until we learned to harness its power and
control its safe use.
Points to Ponder
And so here are points for you to ponder:
How do we in ministry, as citizens of our time,
help to develop a philosophy / theology of technology?
Where do we begin? What is an appropriate role
for technology in ministry?
I invite your comments and suggestions. Please email me
at
jstewart@westernseminary.edu or
call me at 503-517-1898.
2 ibid.